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Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit

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Aflevering 2, 2023 Alle samenvattingen uitklappen
Artikel

Digitale surveillance

Achtergrond, opkomst en onderzoek

Trefwoorden surveillance, ai, big data, algorithms, surveillance experiences
Auteurs Marc Schuilenburg en Melvin Soudijn
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Criminological research on surveillance is relatively scarce. This is even more striking because criminology is often grounded in empirical research in relation to tackling crime and disorder. Moreover, the private sector has made all sorts of surveillance services accessible to the public at large. These services generate data which routinely provide input to build user profiles, are resold to other tech companies and can be requested by the authorities to investigate crimes. In surveillance studies, these developments have led to discussions about theoretical and normative frameworks how (digital) surveillance relates to security issues. These discussions center less on ‘what works’, but more on ‘what assumptions underlie the data’, ‘what are the effects and consequences’, or even ‘where does it stop’. In order to provide an impetus for more attention to surveillance as a criminological topic, this article presents an overview of the history of surveillance studies and provides some perspectives for criminological research, ranging from a ‘digital ethics’ to the ‘surveillance experiences’ of the people who watch and are being watched.


Marc Schuilenburg
Marc Schuilenburg is hoogleraar Digital Surveillance aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam en redacteur van Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit. schuilenburg@law.eur.nl

Melvin Soudijn
Melvin Soudijn is senior onderzoeker bij de Landelijke Eenheid en research fellow bij het Nederlands Studiecentrum Criminaliteit en Rechtshandhaving (NSCR). melvin.soudijn@politie.nl
Artikel

Access_open Surveillance en controle als work based harms

Een verkennende studie naar arbeidsrelaties en -condities in het betaald huishoudelijk werk in de platformeconomie

Trefwoorden platform economy, paid domestic work, worker control, exploitation, surveillance
Auteurs Jing Hiah
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Based on a literature review and reflections on twenty qualitative interviews with (undocumented) women migrants active in paid domestic work in the platform economy in London, the United Kingdom, this contribution explores (digital) surveillance and worker control as work-based harms in the platform economy. It finds that paid domestic work, due to its siting in the private household and its prioritizing of personal relationships and trust, is less suited for the impersonal logic of algorithms and surveillance that generally characterizes working relations in the platform economy. At the same time, inequalities that traditionally structure employment relations in the sector of paid domestic work are still reproduced by platforms despite their potential to contribute to more job mobility and better access to work and employment.


Jing Hiah
Jing Hiah is NWO Rubicon Research Fellow bij het Specialist Research Institute Migration Mobilities Bristol van de University of Bristol en universitair docent Criminologie bij het Department Law, Society & Crime van de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam. hiah@law.eur.nl
Artikel

De historisering van (digitale) surveillance

Fotografie als middel van toezicht en controle (late negentiende-vroege twintigste eeuw)

Trefwoorden photographic technology, fingerprints, history, mug shot
Auteurs Pieter Leloup
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    This article describes the first applications of photography as a practice and technique for police surveillance during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It explores how, through the growing use of photography in law enforcement, the criminal subject was increasingly followed, registered, classified and studied. The article reveals that photographic representations and surveillance shifted from the criminal body (mug shots) to abstract data (fingerprints). However, through describing the history of surveillance, the paper shows that also important patterns of continuity with contemporary practices of (digital) surveillance exist, in particular regarding the cultural motivations underpinning its trajectory and use of technologies.


Pieter Leloup
Pieter Leloup is als docent verbonden aan het Institute for International Research on Criminal Policy (IRCP) van de faculteit Recht en Criminologie van de Universiteit Gent. Daarnaast is hij ook deeltijds docent aan de onderzoeksgroep Crime & Society (CRiS) van de faculteit Recht en Criminologie van de Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Pieter.Leloup@ugent.be
Essay

Autonomie onder druk

Digitale surveillance en datakolonialisme

Trefwoorden digitization, datafication, democracy, metaverse, hermeneutics
Auteurs Miriam Rasch
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    The pandemic has shown how many areas of life can still be digitized, from work, school, and social relations to institutional and care contexts. Using the utopian techno-visions of the metaverse and the critical concept of data colonialism, this essay argues that such ongoing digitization and datafication poses a threat to autonomy, a central value in democratic societies. It proposes a multi-faceted notion of autonomy, which goes beyond rational choice or privacy, to understand the ramifications of the economic, epistemological, and ontological monopolies that technological platforms strive for.


Miriam Rasch
Miriam Rasch is filosoof en essayist en verbonden aan de Willem de Kooning Academie. miriam@miriamrasch.nl
Essay

De zegen en vloek van digitale politie­surveillance

Trefwoorden digital surveillance, police, effectiveness, human rights, change
Auteurs Wouter Landman
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Police surveillance is undergoing fundamental changes due to (use of) digital technology. It becomes disconnected from the eyes and brains of policemen. As a result, digital police surveillance has a larger scale, is more continuous and has more depth compared to traditional (human) police surveillance. These changes can – through several mechanisms – contribute to the effectiveness of policing. At the same time, digital police surveillance poses the risk of undermining the values the police is pledged to protect.


Wouter Landman
Wouter Landman werkt als zelfstandig onderzoeker en adviseur. wouter@bureaulandman.nl
Essay

Online consent en het recht op onwetendheid

Trefwoorden digital society, ethics, technology, uninformed consent
Auteurs Bartek Chomanski en Lode Lauwaert
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Quite a few researchers are convinced that online consent is invalid or meaningless. They reason as follows: knowledge is an insufficient but necessary condition for consent, and since such knowledge is absent or hardly there in an online context, the conclusion is that (uninformed) online consent is invalid or meaningless. The author’s point is this: reliance on the right not to know undermines the argument against uninformed online consent. That argument does not lead to the conclusion that online consent is invalid. Thus, a choice preceded by the exercise of the right not to know need not be a problem. In other words, uninformed online consent does not deserve the bad reputation it has.


Bartek Chomanski
Bartek Chomanscki is assistant professor filosofie aan de Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Polen. b.chomanski@gmail.com

Lode Lauwaert
Lode Lauwaert is professor techniekfilosofie aan de KU Leuven, België. lode.lauwaert@kuleuven.be
Beeldessay

Camerabewaking in de voormalige DDR

Auteurs Gabry Vanderveen

Gabry Vanderveen
Voorbij de horizon

Zes beginselen voor verantwoord gebruik van kunstmatige intelligentie in het publieke domein

Trefwoorden digital surveillance, Automatization, policing
Auteurs Martijn Wessels
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Based on three academic books, it is analysed how artificial intelligence (AI) can radically change the manner how public domains are organised, and services are provided. Hereby, there is special attention to how AI is used for surveillance by law enforcement agencies, amplifying and transforming police functions. Based on this analysis, six principles for responsible automatization are provided. These principles can serve as a starting point for developing regulation and policy that ensure that AI is administered in such a way that it strengthens the position, knowledge and skills of people, and that this is secured through continuous democratic debates.


Martijn Wessels
Martijn Wessels is onderzoeker smart surveillance bij TNO en promovendus Algorithmic Policing aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam. martijn.wessels@tno.nl
Significant others

Interview met Chris Gilliard (aka Hypervisible)

‘Als het gaat om technologieën die fundamenteel discriminerend zijn, moet het doel altijd abolitionisme zijn’

Auteurs Marc Schuilenburg en Yarin Eski
Auteursinformatie

Marc Schuilenburg
Marc Schuilenburg is hoogleraar Digital Surveillance aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam en redacteur van Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit. schuilenburg@law.eur.nl

Yarin Eski
Yarin Eski is universitair docent bestuurskunde aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam en doet onderzoek naar maritieme en havenveiligheid, corruptie, georganiseerde criminaliteit, wapenhandel en genocide. y.eski@vu.nl

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