Crisis teams from waterauthorities want to have insight into the current risks for the area. The ‘Continuous insight’-method is used by them to monitor the risks of drought and high water and to draw up what-if scenarios for training and exercise. Various cases have now shown that Expert Judgment can be used to gain a clearer picture of the effectiveness of measures and to take a more balanced decision. The Expert Judgment method has been tested and applied by a group of international experts as part of the EU project DRIVER +. During an extreme situation, the crisis team may encounter dilemmas. The engaged group of experts follows a fixed procedure to provide advice to reduce flood risk evacuate to prevent loss of life. |
Zoekresultaat: 404 artikelen
Artikel |
Expert Judgement geeft crisisteam continu inzicht in effectiviteit van maatregelen |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid, Aflevering 1 2021 |
Trefwoorden | Continu inzicht, Expert Judgement, Impact inschatting, Flood risk management, Besluitvorming |
Auteurs | Hanneke Vreugdenhil, Bas Kolen, Martin Nieuwenhuis e.a. |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Artikel |
Boulevard Zuid in Rotterdam: een onderzoek naar het vertrouwen van winkeliers in politie en gemeente |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid, Aflevering 4 2020 |
Trefwoorden | shopkeepers, procedural justice, the Netherlands, ethnic minorities, performance theory |
Auteurs | Marc Schuilenburg, Laura Messie en Darnell de Vries |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this article, we analyze which aspects of performance theory and the procedural justice-based model are explaining the trust of shopkeepers in the police and local government. Utilizing a survey of 156 shopkeepers and 94 semi-constructed interviews with shopkeepers, which are located at the South Shopping Boulevard in Rotterdam (The Netherlands), the study finds that shopkeepers have a relatively high trust in the police and local government. This is surprising because various attempts in the past 30 years to revive the high street by the government have failed to improve its bad image, as dwindling visitor numbers, poor turnover, limited range of retailers, empty shops and high crime and offence levels show only too plainly. The findings also highlight that ethnic minority respondents have more trust in local government than Dutch shopkeepers. The explanation therefor is sought in the dual frame of reference theory. |
Kroniek |
Plattelandscriminologie |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 4 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Rural criminology, Policing, Critical criminology, Cultural criminology, Environmental crime |
Auteurs | Toine Spapens |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Criminology has traditionally focused on urban areas where crime visibly concentrates. However, since the 1990s, attention for ‘rural criminology’ has steadily increased. First, rural areas are confronted with partly different and less visible crime problems, such as environmental crimes. Second, public actors such as enforcement and other agencies are less present and ‘available’ in rural areas, and people on average trust the government less to provide support when necessary. This chronicle presents an overview of international and Dutch research in the context of rural criminology. The paper addresses cultural differences between urban and rural areas, high-volume crimes, gender-related violence, alcohol and drug abuse, environmental crime, and enforcement in rural areas. |
Artikel |
Verhalen in interviewsKritisch meekijken met de narratieve criminologie |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | narrative criminology, storytelling, interview, thick description, police |
Auteurs | Dr. Merlijn van Hulst |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Narrative criminology focuses on stories. It initially contrasted itself with standard approaches to interviewing. The founders of narrative criminology proposed that we understand that what the persons we investigate are telling us, as acting discursively and not as factual descriptions of events or accurate representations of their perspective. This critique I compare to previous critique on interviewing to show their overlap. Next, I critique these critiques. Finally, I propose several ways through which narratives in interviews can be enriched. |
Artikel |
Narratieve criminologie meets participatief actieonderzoekEen reflectie over epistemologische mogelijkheden en uitdagingen |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | participatory action research, critical narrative criminology, counter narratives, drug use, stigma |
Auteurs | Michelle Van Impe MA |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Critical narrative criminologists analyse dominant and institutionalised stories that can contribute to harm but they might also become more involved in interrogating and changing such narratives. The following question would be: in what ways can this be done? Based on experiences from a Participatory Action Research (PAR) project on stigma with people who use(d) illegal drugs, this paper reflects on the epistemological opportunities and challenges of fusing narrative criminology with PAR. Although such an integration raises potential tensions – especially with regard to the role of the researcher – PAR can amplify narrative criminology by offering a framework for practicing critical, ethical and socially engaged scholarship. Vice versa, narrative criminology can deepen PAR in its analysis of discursive power structures and the relation between narratives and action. |
Discussie |
Welke toekomst voor herstelrecht in Brussel? |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht, Aflevering 3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | CONRAD, participatief actieonderzoek, Brussel, radicalisering, Marokkaanse jongeren |
Auteurs | Ali Moustatine, Tom Flachet en Erik Claes |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article critically examines the prospects of restorative justice in Brussels from the perspective of urban youth work. The insights issue from action research on the topic of ‘radicalisation’. The authors develop two arguments. The first tempers restorative optimism. It shows how restorative interventions are not necessarily the most adequate response to tensions and conflicts in urban settings. The second argument points out that resistance from urban youth workers regarding the implementation of restorative interventions should not be seen as a regrettable obstacle for academics who are eager to experiment with these interventions. Such a resistance can lead to new insights and fresh opportunities to radically rethink Restorative Justice. One of the ideas that the article brings to the surface comes down to this. In a city like Brussels, characterised by superdiversity, and clearly marked by social inequalities, academic researchers only gain credibility in initiating restorative interventions if they undeniably denounce these inequalities and fully express their engagement for social justice. |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht, Aflevering 4 2020 |
Trefwoorden | maximalistisch herstelrecht, subsidiariteitsbeginsel, elektronische thuisdetentie, taakstraf, schadevergoedingsmaatregel |
Auteurs | Jacques Claessen |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article contains a plea for a further operationalization of the subsidiarity principle (penal law and punishment as ultimum remedium) through a maximalist restorative justice, i.e. a restorative justice that not only offers space for ‘voluntary processes’ and agreed restoration, but also for ‘compulsory procedures’ and imposed restoration. An attempt is made to make the maximalist arsenal of restorative sanctions as concrete as possible. Two examples of sanctions that are ‘constructed’ in a restorative way in this article, are restorative community service and restorative electronic home detention. This article is based on work by John Blad and Lode Walgrave that has previously appeared in Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht. |
Artikel |
Constructieve vergelding revisitedDe grondslag van de straf vanuit herstelrechtelijk perspectief |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht, Aflevering 4 2020 |
Trefwoorden | constructieve vergelding, communicatie, retributivisme, strafverlangens, ervaren erkenning |
Auteurs | Renée Kool |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Is the concept of ‘retribution’ compatible with restorative justice? Starting from the perspective that retribution is an imperative given and that restorative justice should be a preferent option in coping with crime, the concept of retribution needs to be redesigned. Rethinking retribution needs to take into account the hypersensitive nature and complexity of modern society. Apparently incompatible interests need to be reconciled, paying tribute to the citizenship of both the victim and the perpetrator. Notwithstanding censure to be in place, implying the infliction of ‘pain’, the aim must lie in a reconstruction of civil relationships affirming the victim and the perpetrator to be part of the community. Standards applied must reflect objectivity, implying proportionate punishment, with a preference towards restorative justice because it is the more subsidiary option. Thus, retribution notwithstanding the imperative and painful nature of retribution, the execution should pursue the reconstruction of (civil) relationships. |
Discussie en debat |
Aandeelhouderskapitalisme en excessieve beloningen wakkeren fraude aan |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2020 |
Trefwoorden | shareholder capitalism, excessive rewards, fraude, shareholder idealism, long-term value creation |
Auteurs | Prof. dr. mr. Marcel Pheijffer |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This contribution examines shareholder capitalism and shareholder idealism. It is also argued that excessive rewards – often a result of shareholder capitalism – fuel fraud. Supervisory directors and shareholders should therefore act as a counterforce and fulfil a corrective role. |
Essay |
HebzuchtOver de normalisering van een exces |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Greed, Profit, Trade, Interest |
Auteurs | Dr. Jeroen Linssen |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this article the ways in which philosophers have thought about greed are discussed. From antiquity until the Renaissance greed was considered to be a sin. This immoderate desire had to be stopped because it constitutes a threat to the wellbeing of both an individual and society as a whole. This changed since the beginning of the modern era, when a more positive attitude towards this excessive desire arose. The new opinion was: private vices lead to public benefits, and thus the normalization of an excess came about. Greed no longer was considered to be a sin or vice, but instead to be a harmless passion that had a good effect on the welfare of society. The financial crisis of 2008 may have induced some doubts concerning the idea that greed is good, but a real change in opinion has not yet occurred. |
Artikel |
Wie houdt de wacht?Veranderingen in toezicht tijdens de jongvolwassenheid |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 2-3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | parental monitoring, self-control, delinquency, social control |
Auteurs | Dr. Jessica Hill MSc en Prof. dr. mr. Arjan Blokland |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this study we examine whether parental monitoring remains a protective factor in the lives of emerging adults, as well as the extent to which monitoring in other settings replaces the protective role of the parents. We use data collected for the TransAM project, a longitudinal survey of 970 emerging adults (18-24 years) to examine monitoring in a range of different contexts using an instrument based on Stattin and Kerr’s parental monitoring scale (2000). Results indicate that whilst parental control plays a protective role in the first years of emerging adulthood, we find no evidence that monitoring in other settings replaces the protective role of parents. However, monitoring of the self, i.e., self-control, has an increasingly strong relationship with delinquency during emerging adulthood. |
Artikel |
Online jeugdcriminaliteit en ‘verkeerde vrienden’: wanneer is de samenhang het sterkst? |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 2-3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | cyber delinquency, cyber offenders, peer deviance, social network |
Auteurs | Yaloe van der Toolen MSc, Dr. Marleen Weulen Kranenbarg en Prof. dr. Frank Weerman |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article investigates whether cyber delinquent behaviour of school friends, other offline friends and online contacts is related to cyber delinquent behaviour of individuals, and whether this relation differs for cyber dependent, cyber enabled and traditional crime. We used both direct and indirect measures of cyber delinquency of friends. We employed data from the first wave of a large-scale study on the causes of online delinquency among Dutch juveniles (n=889; mean age=16.8 years). The results suggest that both direct and indirect measures of levels of friend delinquency were related to levels of individual cyber offending. However, indirect measures had a stronger association with individual online delinquency than direct measures. This suggests that respondents make incorrect estimates of their friends’ levels of online delinquency. Moreover, no differences were found in the strength of the relation between individual online offending and indirect measures of online offending of school friends, offline friends and online friends. This suggests that friends of different types all play an important role in individual online offending. |
Artikel |
Ethiek, liberalisme en gemeenschapEnkele gedachten over herstelrecht en zorgethiek |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Trefwoorden | ethiek, liberalisme, gemeenschap, communitarisme, zorgethiek |
Auteurs | Pieter De Witte |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article considers Christopher D. Marshall’s proposal to draw a connection between the ethics of care and restorative justice. The ethics of care tradition is critical of the modern liberal interpretation of morality as a rational endeavor based on universal principles. The article attempts to spell out the ethical and political implications of adopting this fundamental viewpoint in the context of restorative justice. On the ethical level, the ethics of care may remind the tradition of restorative justice of its essential reliance on the concrete moral practices and competences of people that precede any conceptualized normative ethics. On the political level, an ethics of care approach to restorative justice seems to lead to a certain deadlock in that it fails (and refuses) to offer a rational justification of restorative justice practices. On a closer look, the ethics of care can provide such a justification, be it a ‘communitarian’ one. |
Artikel |
Herstelrecht en gedeelde betrokkenheid |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Trefwoorden | gedeelde betrokkenheid, joint intentionality, meervoudig subject, joint commitment, morele verantwoordelijkheid |
Auteurs | Bart Pattyn |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Christopher Marshalls is convinced that restorative justice has to do with care for relational involvement. That view is intuitively convincing but not particularly clear. Recent psychological and philosophical research has recently devoted much attention to notions such as ‘collective intentionality’ (Searle, Tomasello) and ‘joint commitment’ (Gilbert). This kind of research is situated and discussed in this paper. We indicate how the restoration of mutual involvement can be reinterpreted from the perspective of this research. This exercise shows that caring for relationships should not be interpreted in a sentimental way. In law and in restorative justice, it does not have to be the intention to enter into more personal relationships with each other. Rather, it is the intention to make it possible once again to develop mutual understanding, respect and compassion from our common universal human commitment. |
Artikel |
Moral injury en herstelEen existentiële verkenning |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Trefwoorden | moral injury, PTSS, verantwoordelijkheid, vertrouwen, veiligheid |
Auteurs | Joachim Duyndam |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This paper examines moral injury, in relation to recovery from this kind of psychic damage and to restorative justice. In recent research the concept is developed in distinction from the psychiatric diagnosis PTSD. Whereas PTSD is rooted in anxiety, as it occurs during or after life-threatening situations, people suffering from moral injury are disruptively affected by guilt and shame, in the slipstream of which they may be tormented by remorse, self-loathing, anger and self-disgust – with symptoms similar to PTSD. Unlike PTSD, however, the risk of moral injury is part of ordinary life. It may happen to anyone. Therefore, this paper takes an ‘existential’ perspective by relating moral injury to the fundamental human condition of relationality. Moral injury is interpreted as the disturbance of the responsibility, the confidence and the security that fundamentally sustain the human relationships to the world, to each other, and to oneself. One way of recovering from moral injury is through empathy, primarily performed by caregivers or chaplains who guide the morally injured, and consequently accomplished by the injured themselves, in a narrative way. |
Artikel |
‘No peace without justice.’ Een reactie op Christopher Marshall |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Trefwoorden | zorgethiek, vervolging, tenuitvoerlegging, opsporing, berechting |
Auteurs | Vincent Geeraets en Wouter Veraart |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article outlines two points of criticism related to Christopher Marshall’s discussion of a relational justice of care. First, addressing the needs of the parties involved in a criminal justice case finds its appropriate place in the post-trial stage. In the pre-trial and trial stages, protecting the legal rights and equal treatment of suspects should take priority over caring for suspects. Secondly, if the outcome of the restorative encounter in the pre-trial stages has a bearing on the verdict of the judge, the encounter may risk to lose its authenticity. The offender may have reason to believe that a socially appropriate performance will be rewarded with less punishment. |
Redactioneel |
Burgeropsporing: kansen en uitdagingen in een snel ontwikkelende praktijk |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid, Aflevering 2-3 2020 |
Auteurs | Nicolien Kop, Sven Brinkhoff en Robin Christiaan van Halderen |
Auteursinformatie |
Artikel |
De invloed van technologische ondersteuning op burgerzoekacties naar vermiste personen |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid, Aflevering 2-3 2020 |
Auteurs | Jerôme Lam, Nicolien Kop en Celest Houtman |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In former times, citizens themselves were responsible for ensuring and protecting their own safety. Over the years, this responsibility largely shifted to the government, partly due to the establishment of an institutionalized police force. In recent years, citizens have increasingly reestablishing themselves in domain of social security. Citizens are engaged in tasks that are traditionally seen as primarily the responsibility of the police, such as law enforcement, criminal investigation and immediate in case of emergencies. |
Artikel |
Strafvorderlijke kaders voor burgeropsporingWezenlijke handvatten voor politie, OM en strafrechter om op een zuivere manier om te gaan met informatie van opsporende burgers in strafzaken |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid, Aflevering 2-3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Burgeropsporing, Strafvordering, Politie, Particuliere recherche |
Auteurs | Sven Brinkhoff |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article focusses on the use of information of citizens who conducted their own investigation in a criminal procedure. Three questions are important in such a situation: 1) is the prosecution of the suspect based largely or entirely on the information of the civilian?, 2) was this information obtained lawfully? and 3) is the information reliable? In this article these questions are discussed. |
Artikel |
Digitale coproductie van preventie en opsporing met burgersEen verkenning naar de contouren van een nieuw beleidsregime |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid, Aflevering 2-3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Digitale coproductie, digitaal burgerschap, digitale buurtpreventie, digitale opsporing, Technologieregime |
Auteurs | Steven van den Oord en Ben Kokkeler |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Over the years, the use of data and digital technology in neighbourhood watch groups for prevention and detection of crime and citizens initiatives to enhance public safety has increased due to social and technological changes of citizen participation in coproduction of safety and digitization of economy and society. This causes a transition towards a new technology regime, a shift from a ‘closed’ information and communication technology regime owned by governmental organizations towards (inter)national ‘open’ platforms, which in turn challenges the current policy regime. This transition creates new societal expectations and challenges, often with contrasting dynamics. For instance, citizens are becoming the so-called ‘eyes and ears’ for government in prevention and detection of crime in neighbourhoods, while professionals are increasingly expected to coproduce safety with citizens through new forms of prevention and detection. With the rise of data and digital technology such as platforms and applications citizens are increasingly enabled to take the lead and initiate collaboration and organize new forms of prevention and surveillance in their own neighbourhoods. |