In the Netherlands, over the past 25 years mayors have had an increasing number of formal powers, based on administrative law, to fight against crime and disorder. Now, the Dutch mayors have the power to impose a restraining order, to close houses in case of drugs and/or drugs trade, or to decline a request for a permit when it might be used for illegal activities. |
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Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid, Aflevering 1 2019 |
Trefwoorden | Interorganisationele samenwerking, Politie, Gemeenten, bestuurlijke aanpak, overlast en criminaliteit |
Auteurs | Renze Salet |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
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Significante denkers en hun oeuvreBetekenissen, controverses en digitale uitholling |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2019 |
Trefwoorden | significant others, classical authors, digital revolution |
Auteurs | Dr. Tom Daems en Dr. Bas van Stokkom |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this article Tom Daems and Bas van Stokkom reflect upon what it means to argue that an author or text is ‘significant’ and the role and function the study of classical or significant texts can have in our current times. |
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Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2019 |
Trefwoorden | Norbert Elias, punishment, historical criminology |
Auteurs | Dr. Tom Daems en Prof. dr. René van Swaaningen |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this article Tom Daems and René van Swaaningen discuss work and life of the late Dutch historian Pieter Spierenburg. The article is based on an interview the authors conducted with Spierenburg in November 2018 as well as his published work and excerpts of an unpublished biography. The article discusses in particular themes related to his interest in, and contributions to, the history of crime and punishment, in particular Spierenburg’s path-breaking book The Spectacle of Suffering (1984), his relation to Norbert Elias and the Amsterdam School and his critique of Michel Foucault. |
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Hollandse (on)hebbelijkhedenIn gesprek met Chrisje Brants |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2019 |
Trefwoorden | comparative law, Utrecht School, criminal law |
Auteurs | Dr. Bas van Stokkom en Dr. Renée Kool |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this article Bas van Stokkom and Renée Kool discuss work and life of the Dutch comparative legal scholar Chrisje Brants. The article is based on an interview the authors conducted with Brants as well as themes that Brants developed in her published work. The article discusses in particular themes such as comparative research, the Utrecht School, and the role of criminal law. |
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‘Liever het landschap dan de struiken’In gesprek met Hans Boutellier |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2019 |
Trefwoorden | morality, victims, secularisation |
Auteurs | Dr. Tom Daems en Dr. Bas van Stokkom |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this article Tom Daems and Bas van Stokkom discuss work and life of the Dutch social psychologist Hans Boutellier. The article is based on an interview the authors conducted with Boutellier in December 2018 as well as his published work. The article discusses in particular themes such as the morality of crime, the emancipation of victims, and processes of secularisation. |
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Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2019 |
Trefwoorden | violence, compartimentalization, social theory |
Auteurs | Dr. Bas van Stokkom en Dr. mr. Marc Schuilenburg |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this article Bas van Stokkom and Marc Schuilenburg discuss work and life of the Dutch sociologist Abram de Swaan. The article is based on an interview the authors conducted with de Swaan as well as themes that de Swaan developed in his published work. The article discusses in particular themes such as violence and compartimentalization, the work of Norbert Elias, and public sociology. |
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Nog steeds tussen kritiek en realisme?Chris Eliaerts over criminologie |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2019 |
Trefwoorden | history of criminology, VU Brussels, Belgium |
Auteurs | Prof. dr. Marc Cools |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this article Marc Cools discusses work and life of the Belgian lawyer and criminologist Chris Eliaerts. The article is based on an interview the author conducted with Eliaerts as well as his published work. The article discusses in particular themes such as teaching and research in criminology at VU Brussels in particular and Belgium in general. |
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Een tweelingstudie naar indicatoren van genetische en culturele transmissie |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 2 2019 |
Trefwoorden | intergenerational continuity, rule-breaking behavior, genes, environment, twin study |
Auteurs | Camiel van der Laan MSc, Dr. Steve van de Weijer, Dr. Michel Nivard e.a. |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In the present study, the role of genetic and cultural transmission in intergenerational continuity of rule-breaking behavior (RBB) was investigated. Based on the resemblance within 3,982 Dutch twin pairs, aged 13 to 17 years, the relative importance of genetic (G), shared environmental (C), and unique environmental (E) influences on RBB was estimated. Cultural transmission, the process of passing on knowledge, norms and values, can lead to similarities within families, and forms part of the shared environment of children growing up in the same family. The authors found no evidence for shared environmental influences, and consequently no indication of a role for cultural transmission. Genetic influences explained 60 percent of the variance in rule-breaking behavior at age 13 to 17, implying that intergenerational continuity at this age is mainly driven by genetic transmission. |
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Crimineel gedrag over de levensloop én over generaties: de rol van het gezin |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 2 2019 |
Trefwoorden | intergenerational continuity, Criminal behavior, Family, Family relations, Generations |
Auteurs | Dr. Veroni Eichelsheim |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In criminology, explanations for engagement in externalizing or criminal behavior are often found within the direct (social) environment of the individual. More specifically, family functioning, the quality of family relations and parenting strategies during childhood and adolescence are found to be related to the development of externalizing problems or criminal behavior over the life-course. Although less well studied, the opposite might also be true: externalizing problems or delinquency during childhood and adolescence may in turn also affect some important (family-related) transitions over the life-course, such as engagement in romantic relationships, the transition to parenthood, parenting strategies and broader family functioning. Not surprisingly, in life-course criminology there is increasing attention for familial similarities in externalizing and delinquent behavior. What underlies intergenerational continuity of criminal behavior? Under which circumstances behavior is continued over the course of generations? What is the role of the family? What is needed to break intergenerational cycles and facilitate earlier and more effective interventions? In this article, a literature review is provided on the role of the family in intergenerational continuity of externalizing or criminal behavior over the life-course and across generations. |
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Intergenerationele continuïteit of discontinuïteit van crimineel gedrag?Een onderzoek naar de modererende invloed van samenwonen en de geografische afstand tussen ouder en kind |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 2 2019 |
Trefwoorden | intergenerational transmission, discontinuity, criminal parent, geographical distance, exposure |
Auteurs | Dr. Steve van de Weijer |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This study (N=921) examines whether living together with a criminal parent moderates the intergenerational continuity of crime. Results are mixed, but show that the intergenerational continuity of crime decreases when the child lived together with the criminal parent for a shorter period of time. This association is most strong for children whose criminal mothers live on a large distance from them. Longitudinal fixed effects models, however, show that these results are likely the consequence of between-individual differences and therefore do not reflect causal influences on the intergenerational continuity of crime. |
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De moeder als facilitator van intergenerationele overdracht binnen de georganiseerde misdaad |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 2 2019 |
Trefwoorden | organized crime, intergenerational continuity, discontinuity, mother, parenting |
Auteurs | Meintje van Dijk Msc, Prof. dr. Edward Kleemans en Dr. Veroni Eichelsheim |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Previous research on intergenerational continuity of crime is primarily focused on transmission from fathers to children. In this article, we aim to give insight in the role of mothers in (the prevention of) continuity of organized crime. The results of our explorative study on 25 organized crime offenders based in Amsterdam and their partners and children, show that parenting skills and norms and values of mother seem to have an important role in both the intergenerational continuity of organized crime and the prevention of the transmission. |
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Een nieuwe Aanbeveling van de Raad van Europa: naar een duurzame verankering van het herstelrecht? |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht, Aflevering 1 2019 |
Trefwoorden | Aanbeveling van de Raad van Europa, Recommendation No. R(99)19, Herstelrecht in strafzaken, strafproces |
Auteurs | Ivo Aertsen |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article presents and critically discusses a new Recommendation on restorative justice (CM/Rec(2018)8) that was adopted on 3 October 2018 by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. This new regulation builds on the previous Recommendation No. R(99)19 on mediation in penal matters and recommends the governments of the 47 member States of the Council of Europe the adopt and implement the principles of restorative justice as described in the Appendix of the new Recommendation. These guidelines apply to national authorities and national agencies in general, and to judges, public prosecutors, police, prisons, probation, juvenile justice agencies, victim support services and restorative justice services in particular. The article presents the origins of the Recommendation, its contents and its meaning for restorative justice developments in Europe and beyond. |
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Mediation bij ZSM Midden-NederlandDe rol van de ketenpartners en optimalisering van doorverwijzingen |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht, Aflevering 1 2019 |
Trefwoorden | ZSM, Midden-Nederland, ketenpartners, mediationbureau, Betekenisvolle afdoening |
Auteurs | Britt van der Plas |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article is based on research into the use of mediation in criminal cases at ZSM Midden-Nederland. It focusses on the question how referrals to mediation can be optimized. The research shows that there is much room for improvement and a broader deployment of mediation. Lack of knowledge of the criminal justice partners involved, leads to misconceptions about the mediation process, about which institution should be deployed, and about the (in)suitability of cases for mediation. This lack of knowledge seems to be greatest among the police, while they play an important role within ZSM. Moreover, Victim Support Netherlands has a dominant role in the choice whether or not to refer to mediation. The overall conclusion is that mediation is not yet sufficiently anchored in the criminal justice partners’ system. |
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De in zichzelf gekeerde Nationale PolitieBemiddeling en sociale zelfredzaamheid uit zicht? |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht, Aflevering 1 2019 |
Trefwoorden | Nationale Politie, wijkagenten, Screen-level bureaucratie, Sociale zelfredzaamheid |
Auteurs | Bas van Stokkom |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
How does the police deal with conflict resolution and (referrals to) mediation? Is this perceived as relevant within the new national police organization? This article elaborates on work processes within the National Police, including ZSM-settlements, the punitive aspects of police culture and the impoverishment of neighborhood-oriented police work. It is concluded that there is little room within the police for responsive approaches to crime and social unsafety. However, there are still police professionals who question ‘assembly line’-processing of criminal cases, support restorative justice strategies and try to improve the citizen-empowerment in neighbourhoods. |
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De psychische gezondheid van gedetineerden in België en Nederland: een systematisch overzicht |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 1 2019 |
Trefwoorden | prison, mental disorders, distress, substance use, suicide |
Auteurs | Drs. Louis Favril en Dr. Anja Dirkzwager |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
A well-established body of epidemiological research suggests that the prevalence of mental health problems (mental disorders, psychological distress, and substance use) in prisoner populations far exceeds that of non-incarcerated people in the surrounding community. Poor mental health in prisoners is associated with multiple adverse outcomes, including suicidal behaviour. In the past decade, novel data in Belgium and the Netherlands have been published on this topic, which have not been synthesized to date. The aim of the current systematic literature review was to provide an up-to-date overview of the mental health of prisoners in Belgium and the Netherlands. Based on 24 empirical studies conducted in 1997-2018, the authors conclude that people with mental health problems are overrepresented in Belgian and Dutch prisons, providing both a challenge and a public health opportunity to address the mental health care needs of a vulnerable and hard-to-engage population. Investing in the prevention and treatment of mental health problems not only benefits the prisoners concerned, but equally, society at large. |
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Wie heeft een wiethok op zolder?Een kwantitatief onderzoek naar risico- en beschermende factoren op persoons- en buurtniveau voor illegale hennepplantages in woningen |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 1 2019 |
Trefwoorden | indoor cannabis cultivation, risk factors, individuals, neighbourhoods |
Auteurs | Emily Berger MSc, Vera de Berk MSc, Dr. Joris Beijers e.a. |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Illegal weed cultivation is increasingly perceived as an important societal problem. Most of existing research in this area focuses on the criminal organisations active on the cannabis market and the criminal profits that are gained here. The current study however focuses on the actors at the bottom of the cannabis market – the home growers – and aims at answering the following research question: what factors influence the chance of encountering an illegal weed cultivation at a certain residential address? In this study, the risk and protecting factors are taken into consideration on both the individual level (e.g. family composition and financial position of residents) and the neighbourhood level (e.g. social cohesion, physical disorganisation, level of criminality in a certain neighbourhood). In the current study, data of 401 illegal hemp cultivation sites discovered between 2011 and 2016 in homes in Eindhoven, the Netherlands, were analysed. Data from various quantitative data sources – like municipal data (BRP and data from the Social Domain) and data from the municipal neighbourhood monitors – were combined and analysed through a multilevel logistic regression. The results suggest that the likelihood of an illegal weed cultivation site is most prominently influenced by individual factors. Being married for instance seems to decrease the risk, whereas being divorced seems to increase the risk. The housing type also turns out to be of influence. On a neighbourhood level, physical disorganisation and the presence of other hemp cultivation sites in the neighbourhood are the only predictors for hemp cultivation. The results are discussed in the light of criminological theories regarding participation in crime, using the theoretical concepts motivation, opportunity, and control. |
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Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 1 2019 |
Trefwoorden | jihadi travellers, terrorism, terrorist financing, financial independence |
Auteurs | Dr. Melvin Soudijn |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
The present article examines the financial life of 131 jihadi travellers (JTs), also known as foreign terrorist fighters, from the Netherlands. For the purpose of the research, access was acquired to all their banking transactions in the year preceding their departure: over 60,000 transactions in total. Their income from work or employment, various forms of social assistance, student grants, and other income or expenditure were examined. The data provided a good picture of their financial independence, i.e., the extent to which they were capable of making their own living or needed to claim assistance from the authorities. The analysis shows that it is highly exceptional for Dutch JTs to be financially independent. Only 5 percent have sufficient income from work or employment without making any claims on the government for financial assistance, and are free of mounting debts. The low score can for a large part be explained by the fact that almost half of the JTs are under 23 years of age and/or receive a student grant. Their financial picture largely resembles ordinary students. Older JTs (over 22 years of age, and not having received a student grant for at least one year) underperform, however. Only 9 percent are financially independent. Financial support could perhaps be used to monitor or steer recipients’ role in society. |